The paper aims to compare selected socio-demographic indicators within the Czech Republic, with a specific focus on a case study of the Jeseník district, in the context of the availability of medical care and facilities. The study is divided into two parts. The first part examines the socio-demographic profile of the Czech Republic, with an emphasis on population size, ethnic composition, and connections to historical milestones. The data, covering the period from 1869 to 2021. The findings indicate that the population is aging, which has negative implications for the economy and, consequently, the availability of healthcare services. The second part of the paper presents a case study of LAU 1 (Local Administrative Unit 1—district) Jeseník, where the authors conducted a correlation analysis between population size and indicators related to the availability of doctors and medical facilities. A key finding of this case study is the observed correlation between a declining and aging population and a decrease in the number of residents per doctor. This trend could potentially undermine the quality of healthcare in the region in the future.