This chapter focuses on microeconomic and macroeconomic issues. Regarding microeconomics, the key microeconomic topics, as supply, demand, product markets and factor markets, will be presented. The main microeconomic variables connected with consumer and producer behaviour will be described, including the marginal variables. Decision-making of producer and the possibilities of market equilibrium will be discussed, depending on different types of competition. Specifics of factor markets will be explained, precisely the labour market, land market, and capital market. The macroeconomic part focuses on key macroeconomic issues connected with spatial aspects. Firstly, the key macroeconomic indicators and their features will be described. Then the spatial view will be included, a comparison of selected macroeconomic indicators in EU28 and NUTS2 regions will be presented. The question of economic growth will be discussed. The last part of the chapter deals with economic modelling, both in microeconomic and macroeconomic areas. The short overview of possibilities of modelling strategic behaviour of particular economic subjects and agent-based modelling, as well as options of macroeconomic modelling in a short period (I-O analysis), medium period (CGE models) and long-term models will be presented. The spatial view in the whole chapter is underlined.