"D\UT\hlK/K"' Comparative Analysis of Healthcare Systems Lior Naamati-Schneider MVSO Jerusalem Multi disciplinary COl If! L3ö TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Present the basic healthcare system models 2 Czech Healthcare 3 Israeli healthcare 4 Group Activity: S SWOT Analysis J Key Challenge Identification Drastichová Magdaléna, PhD. Dr. Magdaléna Drastichová is an Associate Professor in Economics, specializing in Health Economics, Wellbeing, and Sustainable Development. She holds a Ph.D. in Economic Theory from VSB -Technical University of Ostrava and has extensive experience in economic sustainability and healthcare efficiency. Inthis session, she will present the basic healthcare system models, covering a comparative overview of the Czech and Israeli healthcare systems "DMJT\hlK/K"' Introduction to the Israeli Healthcare System 4 'I THE ISRAELI HEALTHCARE SYSTEM r\"D\UT\hlK/K"' Israel's healthcare characteristics The Israeli health system has several Emphasis on Public Health and Prevention 7 HEALTH CARE IN ISRAEL Israel has a pluralistic health system: □ financed and supported by various actors- ■S government ■S non-profit organizations ■S health maintenance organizations (HMOs) ■S and private-sector agents Israel's healthcare characteristics and market failures 9 The Israeli health system has several characteristics that shape its structure and function: Multiple ownership of health services and hospitals The Ministry of Health is the owner of hospitals and regulatorof the system A complex financing system ■ Health reforms O 3 'D\UT\hlK/K"' HEALTH CARE IN ISRAEL Key Organizations in the Israeli Healthcare System Healthcare Israel Ministry of Health: Policy, Regulation, and Oversight Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs): Clalit, Maccabi, Meuhedet, Leumit National Insurance Institute: Funding and Subsidies Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Private Sector: Supplementing Public Health Services 10 HEALTH CARE IN ISRAEL □ Starting in 1995, under the National Insurance Law, all Israeli residents became entitled to coverage of a standard basket of health services □ For non-profit HMOs that are funded by the government in accordance with the number of members and their gender, age, and geographic location □ This accounting method, known as "capitation" 11 Key Organizations in the Israeli Healthcare System The Ministry of Health •Government Oversight •Policy Making and Regulation •Licensing and Supervision of Medical Facilities •Public Health Initiatives Ministry of Health Israel 12 'D\UT\hlK/K"' Key Organizations in the Israeli Healthcare System Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) ' Four Main HMOs: Clalit, Maccabi, Meuhedet, Leumit ' Provide Comprehensive Healthcare Services mniNn3# (, aft fil J~i ' Funded by the National Insurance Institute ' Emphasis on Preventive Care and Community Health —= 14 HEALTH CARE IN ISRAEL 15 'DMJT\hlK/K"' Key Organizations in the Israeli Healthcare System National Insurance Institute • Social Security Organization • Healthcare Funding and Subsidies • Ensures Universal Healthcare Coverage • Supports Public Health Programs Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Private Sector • Supplement Public Health Services v • Innovations in Healthcare • Private Healthcare Services • Community Health Initiatives 16 GENERAL HOSPITALS INSTITUTIONS, l\ □ Public and Privet Hospitals □Owned by: ~ , and their f - .jj^* .ation into no1" organizations with k .jgetary autonomy 'DMJT\hlK/K"' The Israel public/ private mix in healthcare The ratio reflects the level of inequality in the health market in Israel Private Public healthcare healthcare 19 The Israel public/ private mix in healthcare In recent decades, the strengthening of the private health system has been seen, which is reflected, inter alia, in an increase in private spending Public healthcare 20 Figure 1, National healthcare expenditure as a percent of GOP in the OECD countries, 2020 1ES UN III! IJ Source: Baruch lc--1 jh;I Njsfci'j LWiidoviKh-. laub Center | Data; oecd 21 B74^+7B 'DMJT\hlK/K"' Figure 3. Per capita national expenditure on healthcare in the □ ECD countries, 2020 Dollars, In PPPtwmi 10XB0 1UUU ---- .■■.Ml.llllllllllllllllllllllllllllll 5 J 1 II Sourte: fisrun Levi and Nadav Daiiidovitth, Taub Center | Data: OECD 22 23 Figure 2. Public and private expenditure in Israel as a percent of GDP ■ Pu blic expenditure pi ivare expenditure 2.0* SM, 6.0» .J^ü* 5.0*4.5* u, ,M 4|ffl 4.5K 4.5* 4.5» 4.6% *™ 4,6* 4-7% ^ < ^ 1.0% - 3.0*---------- .„_.__f— ..........—..............._ LOS"* 2.6* is* ISE 2B* 2.'% '■»» 2 7% 2.7* 2.7S 2.7* 2.7* 2,6* 2.6» 2.5H 2 ». 1.0« 0.0* i-i-1-1- -1-■-1-1-i-1-1-i-1-» 2005 2006 200? 20OS 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2013 2013 2020 2021 24 'DMJT\hlK/K"' Figure 5. The number of actnre nurses per 1,000population In Lhe Personnel and infrastructure ot the healthcare system figure 4. NurnliL'i ul .icliwi: uh-yM ni J rtl pfii" 1,DD0 pupuliliilrt I OECD countries, 1616 25 27 83 ^1163085 "DMJT\hlK/K"' The Connection Between Politics, Social Perception, and Healthcare How Political Systems Shape Healthcare Models S Capitalistic Healthcare: Driven by market forces, focusing on competition, private insurance, and patient choice. S Socialistic Healthcare: Views health as a basic right, ensuring universal coverage and government-regulated costs. S Hybrid Systems: Many countries blend both models to balance efficiency, accessibility, and affordability. 28 Political Policies Directly Influence: ^ Healthcare Funding: Government budgets, public insurance, and private investment. ^ Access & Equity: Who gets healthcare and under what conditions? Health Priorities: Vaccination policies, preventive care, and disease control strategies. *f Regulations & Costs: Price control on medications, hospital fees, and healthcare professional wages. v* Example: In Israel, a mix of government-funded healthcare and private services ensures universal access while encouraging private innovation. In the U.S., private insurance dominates, creating high-quality but unequal access to care 29 Social Perception and Public Health Policy How Society's Perception Shapes Healthcare Systems S Public Trust in Healthcare Systems - Impacts policy acceptance and patient compliance. S Cultural Attitudes Towards Health - Preventive care vs. reactive treatment. S Wealth & Healthcare Expectations - In capitalistic societies, healthcare is seen as a service, while in socialistic systems, it is viewed as a right. Examples of Social Influence on Healthcare: •S COVID-19 Response: Countries with strong public trust in government (e.g., New Zealand) had higher vaccine acceptance. Healthcare Worker Shortages: Public perception of healthcare careers affects recruitment and retention. •S Health Inequality Perception: Societies with higher inequality tend to have weaker public health support. 30 0 'DMJT\hlK/K"' MVSO-JMC MC International-SWOT Example Layout [Insert Healthcare System]SWOT Summary:! S Strengths: [List Key Strengths] S Weaknesses: [List Key Weaknesses] S Opportunities: [List Key Opportunities] v" Threats: [List Key Threats] Key Challenge Identified: [E.g., Workforce Training]Strategic Recommendations: [Provide 2-3 Actionable Strategies] https://hacl.padlet.org/liorna/mvso-imc-international-swot-zilni06S74n499fx 32